Senate vs House of Commons in Canada

The main difference is simple: Members of the House of Commons are elected by Canadians, while senators are appointed. Both chambers make up Parliament, and a bill must pass through both.

The House of Commons

The House of Commons is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected by the people. Each MP represents a riding, also called an electoral district. It is the elected chamber, the one citizens choose directly in federal elections.

Because its members are elected, the House of Commons reflects the will of voters. It is a central pillar of the Parliament of Canada.

The Senate

The Senate is made up of senators who are appointed, not elected. Its role is to review and revise legislation. This checking work is sometimes called sober second thought.

The Senate can propose changes to a bill before it becomes law. This role complements the work of the House of Commons.

• House of Commons: MPs elected by Canadians.
• Each MP represents a riding (electoral district).
• Senate: senators are appointed, not elected.
• The Senate reviews and revises legislation.
• A bill must pass through both chambers.

Why both chambers matter

Sending a bill through both chambers adds a checking step. The House of Commons votes, then the Senate reviews, before Royal Assent. For the full picture, see the guide Canada Explained.

These ideas come up often on the test. Practise with our practice exams to tell the two chambers apart with confidence.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between the Senate and the House of Commons? Members of the House of Commons are elected by Canadians, while senators are appointed. The Senate reviews and revises legislation.

Are senators elected? No. Senators are appointed, not elected. It is the Members of the House of Commons who are elected by the people.

Does a bill have to pass both chambers? Yes. To become law, a bill must be passed by both the House of Commons and the Senate.