Canadian History Timeline
A simple timeline of Canadian history: explorers, New France, Confederation in 1867, and the 1982 Charter, made for the citizenship test.
Canadian history can be remembered as a simple chronology. Indigenous peoples lived here first. European explorers arrived, New France was founded, and Confederation created Canada on July 1, 1867. Later came the world wars and, in 1982, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
From first peoples to European explorers
Indigenous peoples were the first to live in what is now Canada. European explorers arrived later: John Cabot reached the Atlantic coast in 1497, and Jacques Cartier reached the St. Lawrence River in 1534. Their voyages opened the way for settlement.
New France and Confederation
New France began with the founding of Quebec City in 1608. Over time, control of the land changed hands. On July 1, 1867, Confederation created the country of Canada, and other provinces joined later.
Key dates to memorize
- 1497: John Cabot reaches the Atlantic coast.
- 1534: Jacques Cartier reaches the St. Lawrence River.
- 1608: Quebec City is founded (New France).
- 1867: Confederation creates Canada on July 1.
- 1982: the Constitution is patriated and the Charter is adopted.
The twentieth century and the Charter
Canada served in the First World War and the Second World War, and these efforts shaped the nation. In 1982, the Constitution was patriated and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms was adopted. To dig into that document, read the Charter of Rights and Freedoms explained.
For the full overview, see the guide Canada Explained, then test your memory of these dates with our practice exams.
Frequently asked questions
When was Canada created? Confederation created the country of Canada on July 1, 1867.
Who was Jacques Cartier? Jacques Cartier was a French explorer who reached the St. Lawrence River in 1534.
When was the Charter of Rights and Freedoms adopted? The Charter of Rights and Freedoms was adopted in 1982, when the Constitution was patriated.